Unit-multiple system of train control.



No. 670,897. Patehtedll'ar. 26, ml.

F. c. esmuuu.

UNIT MULTIPLE SYSTEM OF TRAIN CONTROL.

(Application filed Jan" 25, 1900.\ (No Model.) Sheets$heet I.

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(Lpplibltion'filed Jam 25, 1900.,

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No. 670,897. Patented Mar. 26, I90l. F. C. ESMOND.

UNIT MULTIPLE SYSTEM OF TRAIN CONTROL.

(Application filed Jan. 25, 1900.;

8 Sheets-Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

INVENTQR WITNESSES: R k? #25 ATTORNEY m. 670,897. Patented Mar. 26,I901. F. C. ESMONO.

UNIT MULTIPLE SYSTEM OF TRAIN OONTBOL.

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No. 670,897. Paten te'd Nar. 26; l90l.

F. C'. ESMOND. v UNIT MULTIPLE SYSTEM OF TRAIN CONTROL. (Applicninnfiled Jan. 25, 1900., 46 mm.) s Sheets$haet 5.

INVENTOR m: NORRIS PETERS co. womuwo c No.- 670,897; Patntod Mar. 26,mm.

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UNIT MULTIPLE SYSTEM OF TRAIN CONTROL.

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No. 670,897. Patented Nlar. 2s, I90I. F. c. asmoun'.

UNIT MULTIPLE SYSTEM OF TRAIN CONTROL.

(Application filed Jan. 25. 1900.)

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Patented Mar. 26, I90l.

F. C. ESMOND.

UNIT MULTIPLE SYSTEM OF TRAIN CONTROL.

(Apiflication filed Ian. 25, 19004) 8 sheets sheot 8.

U ELL VENTOR QNN (No Model.)

FREDERICK C. ESMOND, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO THE ESMONDELECTRIC TRACTION AND SIGNAL 00., OF WEST VIRGINIA.

@F TRAIN GQNTROL.

SPECIFICATIGN forming part of Letters Patent No. 670,897, dated March26, 1901.

Application filed January 25,1900. $c1ial No. 2,698. (No model.)

10 [0Z5 whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FREDERICK GARLnToN ESMOND, of 488 Fourth streetborough of Brooklyn, city of New York, county of Kings, and State of NewYork, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Unit-Multiple Systems of Train Control, of which the following is aspecification.

My invention relates to the control of the speed and direction of motionof electricallypropelled vehicles, such as railway-cars particularlywhen a number of such vehicles are connected to form a train, thoughcertain of its features may be advantageously applied to the operationof a single vehicle propelled by more than one motor.

As applied to a train of cars my invention involves the use of a set ofconductors extending through each car and adapted to be coupled betweenthe cars, so as to form contin nous working conductors throughout thetrain, car-propelling motors suitably connected therewith, andmotor-controllers corresponding to the motors so connected and arrangedthat while all the motors are controlled through the mechanicaloperation of a single controller, which may be any one of thecontrollers on the train, at the same time each of them is directlygoverned by the particular resistance or controlling devicecorresgonding thereto, all the controllers being made electricallye'ltective through the operation of too controller which is for the timebeingthepointfrom which thetrainis controlled. To this end I divide thecontrolling devices employed, of whatever nature, whether simplerheostats, graded resistances, or the fields oi the motors themselves,into sections, each of which is the equivalent of the correspondingsections in all the controllers. The corresponding sections areconnected in parallel between the train-conductors, so that when currentis caused to pass through any section it will at the same time passthrough all the corresponding sections, and the operation of all themotors will be aliected in the same manner and to the same extent. Ialso connect the motors to the train-conductors in groups or sets, witha controller corresponding to each group, the motors so arranged thatthe same elements of corresponding motors in each group or set arepermanently connected in parallel, while the circuit rela tions of themotors composing each group or set may be varied. In this way I amenabled not only to control the operation of all the motors on a trainfrom a single point by directly varying the rheostatic resistancein themotor-circuits, but also to directly effect a series-parallel control ofthe motors from any one of the motor-controllers of the train, a resultwhich under certain conditions of use is very desirable.

In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate embodiments of myinvention, Figure 1 is a diagram of three cars, each carrying a singlemotor with simple rheostat-controllers. Fig. 2 is a diagram of thecircuits of two cars with an arrangement for effecting the control ofthe motors through the fields thereof. Fig. 3 is a diagram showing thecircuits of two cars with the control through the fields of the motors,parts of which are adapted to be in opposition to each other. Fig. 4: isa plan view of a car, showing the motors and controllers thereon. Fig. 5is a diagram of the circuits of two cars, showing two motors on eachcar, graded resistances, and a controllerswitch on a single car adaptedto control the motors on all the cars, and to change the connections ofthe motors on each car from a series to a multiple relation. Fig. (3 isa diagram illustrating the change in the circuit relations of a group ofmotors. Fig. 7 is a diagram showing an arrangement similar to that shownin Fig. 5, but with resistances and a controller-switch on each carandsuch an arrangement of circuits that the motors on all the cars may becontrolled from any car of the train. Fig. 8 is a diagram showing theconnections of a graded resistance for a freight-car.' bio and twojunction-boxes when two or more motors are used on one car. Fig. 10shows elevation of cable and junction-box on cars when there is onecontroller and rheostat or rheostat alone without controller. Fig. 11shows side view of train with arrangementof controllers adapted toordinary accommodation-train work. Fig. 12 shows asimilar view of afreight-train. Fig. 13 shows a side view of the arrangement ofcontrollers on an ex- Fig. 9 shows an elevation of capress-train adaptedto carry four motors on each car.

The same letters and figures of reference indicate corresponding partsthroughout the drawings.

A A are the railway-tracks, W \V the car wheels, and G asupply-conductor with which the current-collecting devices TT on thetrain make contact.

M M are the car-propelling motors, having armatures E E and fields F F.

(L l) e (Z c, &c., are the contact-points of the controllers, O C thecontroller-arms, and R reversing-switches.

The numbered wires 1 2 3, &c., are the conductors extending through thetrain, being united by couplings D, which may be of any usual orsuitable construction, between the cars.

Referring to Fig. 1, simple rheostatconirollers are shown on three cars,the several sections of which are connected in multiple between thetrain-conductors l 2 3 4 5. Assuming that the train is proceeding fromleft to right and that the controller and reversin g-switch in theforward car at the right are being used for the control of the train,the arms of the controllers and the reversingswitches on the other carswill be each turned to a neutral point and the flow of current will beas follows: from on rrentcollectorT through wire II and controller-arm Oto point d, upon which arm 0 is shown as resting, through the severalsections of the controller to point Ct, to arm 0 of switch R, wire 6* toconductor (J, to and through armature E to conductor 7, to wire 7, toarm 6 of switch R, wire 8, conductor 8, wire I, to and through field F,and to ground through the wire K, which is connected to the axles of thecar or to a return-conductor. Current also passes from the point (Z ofthe first controller through wire 4 to and through conductor i to thesecond car of the train, to wire 4 on the second car, to point d of thecontroller on that car, through the controller-sections to point Ct,wire 1 to conductor 1, back to the first car, wire 1 to point a of thecontroller on the first car, by the same course as in the first instanceto wire 6, to and through the armature E on the second car, throughtheconductor 7 to the first car, through wire 7, switch-arm 6 wire 8,conductor 8, back to the second car,to wire I, field F on second car,and to ground. In the same manner current passes through as many of therheostat coils or sections on each car as are in circuit on the first orcontrolling car, and each motor is governed by its individualrheostatresistance, the amount of which is determined on thecontrolling-car and is the same in all the motor-circuits.

In order to reverse the motors, the arms of the switch R on thecontrolling-car are moved from the contacts 17 c to the contacts 0. IF,when the direction of current through one of the elements of each motor(in the presout arrangement the armature) will be reversed.

In the arrangement shown inFig. 2 the fields of the several motors aredivided into sect-ions, which are joined to the controllerpoints andconnected in multiple between the train-conductors. The number offield-coils in circuit in each of the motors is determined by theposition of the controller-arm 0 upon the controlling-car and is thesame in all the motors. The reversal of the motors in this car iseffected by reversing the flow of current in the field-coils. For thistwo sets of controller contact-points are employed, and the currentflows through the field-coils which are in circuit in one direction whenthe controller-arm O is upon a point of one set and through thefield-coils which are in circuit in the opposite directions when thecontrol lerarm 0 is upon a point of the other set. The controller-arm isdivided transversely into two parts C O, which are insulated apart, thepart 0 bein adapted to make contact with plates 0" C. The course of thecurrent is from the collector T through the connections E in multiple ofthe several motors to the arm O,the contact-point on which it rests, andto such of the field-coils of the several motors as correspond to thispoint, to the train-conductor l or 10, according to the direction of thecurrent, plate 0 or 0", as the case may be, arm C, and return-wire I. Itwill be evident that in reversing the motors current is first cut outfrom the fields step by step from one direction and then cut in step bystep from the other direction. If desired, a variable resistance may, asshown, be included in the motor-circuit.

In Fig. 3 is shown a modification of the arrangement shown in Fig. 2. Inthis case only a portion, as F,of each field is connected as describedin connection with Fig. 2, the direction of current through theremainder F of each field being constant. Thus a differential effectisproduced, the current which flows through those sections of the part Fof each field which are in circuit either opposing or assisting,according to its direction, the current flowing through the part W. Thecurrent passes from the collector T to controller-arm O and thecontroller-point on which arm 0 rests, and by the wire therefrom to thattrain-conductor to which such wire is connected, thence through theconnected sections of the part F of the field and the correspondingsections in the fields of all the motors through the wire 1 or 5",according to the direction of the current, to one or the other of plates0 c thence by conductingarm 0, which is secured to the under side of arm0 and insulated therefrom (see Fig. 3) to plate 0 thence by wire 6 toconductor 6, through the part F of the field, to conductor 7, and byswitch B through the armatures in multiple and to ground.

The reversing of the motors is effected by moving the reversing-switch Ron the coutrolling-car to reverse the circuit through the armatures inthe same manner as described in connection with Fig. 1.

The arrangement of the motors in sets or groups is illustrated in Figs,5, 6, and 7. It may be most clearly described in connection with asingle controller having a graded re-.

sistance adapted to be put in circuit with all the motors on the train,an arrangement which in itself is particularly adapted to use onfreight-trains. The numbered wires are the conductors extending throughthe train, between which are connected the elements of the severalmotors. I regard each pair of motors M M as a group the circuitconnections of which may by means of the controller be varied fromseries to parallel. One or more of such groups may be carried on eachcar or vehicle. Corresponding elements of corresponding motors, as thefields F F of the motors M M, &c., are permanently connected in parallelbetween the same train-conductors. While I have illustrated in Fig. 5for the sake of simplicity a single resistance adapted to be connectedin circuit with all the motors, the preferred arrangement is, as shownin Fig. 7, a resistance or controlling device corresponding to eachgroup of motors in the same manner as in the case of sin gle motors. Aresistance or controlling device corresponds to each, as shown in Figs.1, 2, and

The operation of thecontroller in varying the resistance in circuit andchanging the circuit relations of the motors is as follows: When thecontroller-arm is turned so that those circuit-closers on thecontroller-cylinder which reach the dotted line 1-viz., a h t 7tare incontact with the corresponding controller-points a h i it, the motorelements of each car will be in series, with the highest resistance cutin, as shown in diagram at 1, Fig. 6. The course of the current in thiscase (the reversingswitch B being turned so that the circuit-closers a bc d are upon the corresponding points a 6L6, 850.) will be as follows:from collector T through wire H to train-conductor 1, wire 1, contactCt, circuit:- closer a, thence to circuit-closer h, contactpoint h,through the maximum resistance to point 1), wire 0, reversercontact-point a circuit-closer at, to contact a wire 2, totrainconductor 2, to and through armatures E of the several motors M inparallel on all the cars, to conductor 3, to wire 3, contact Z),circuit-closer 19*, contact 1), wire l, conductor 4, to and through thefields F of the several motors M, to conductor 5, wire 5", to contactt', circuit-closer '1", to circuit-closer 7c, contact It, wire p, toreverser-contact c circuit-closer 0, contact c", wire (5, to conductor6, to and through the armatures E of the several motors h in'parallelbetween conductors 6 and 7, to conductor 7, wire 7 to contact dcircuit-closer d, contact cl, wire 8, to conductor 8, t0 and through theseveral fields F of the motors M, to conductor 9, and thence to groundor a return-conductor by Wires I. The coils of the resistance aresuccessively short-circnited as the controller is moved, so as to bringothers of the circuit-closers, as g j", 850., on the line 2 in contactwith the corresponding contact-points,as &c.,until when all thecircuit-closers on the line 2 are in contact with the contact-points theentire resistance will be short-circuited and the motors of each groupwill be in series with no resistance in circuit, as shown at 2 in Fig.6. When the controller 0 is moved so as to bring the circuit-closers 7?m in contact with the contacts Z m, one of the meters of each group iste'n'iporarily cut out of circuit, and upon further moving thecontroller so that the circuit-closers k are in contact with the c011-Iactsj k the motors are connected in parallel with the maximumresistance in circuit, as shown at3 in Fig. 0. In thisrase the currentdivides after passing through the resistance. A part follows the samecircuit as before through wire 0 and the armatures and fields of themotors M, and a part passes to contact j, circuit-closer circuit-closer79, contact 7;, wire p, contact 0 circuit-closer 0 contact 0, wire 6, toconductor 6, and then to and through the arinatu res E and fields F ofthe motors M in the same manner as before. Upon further moving thecontroller, so as to successively bring the circuit-closers on the linet upon the contacts, the coils of the resistance will be successivelyshort-circuited until the condition shown at 4, Fig. (3, is reached,when the motors are connected in parallel with no resistance. Uponmoving the reversing-switch B, so that the circuitclosers ef' 6 f &e.,are in contact with the contact-points (t a b b", &c., the direction ofthe current through one of the elements of each motor, in this case thearmature, will be re versed under all the conditions specified.

As shown in Fig. 7, the arrangement of circuit for throwing the motorsinto series-parallel relation is the same as in Fig. 5; but a controllerwith a graded resistance is provided for each group of motors, and thecorresponding sections of the several resistances are connected inparallel throughout the train, so that the motors of each group arecontrolled by the corresponding resistance, and the control of all themotors may be effected from any car of the train.

From the foregoing it will be evident that by means of my invention Ieffect a considerable economy of wiring and provide for the efficientcontrol of all the motors upon a train of cars from any one ot'a numberof controllers thereon and also secure the efficient control of themotors on a single vehicle carrying a plurality of motors, theadvantages of which will be readily apparent to those skilled in theart.

I have described my invention in connecnection with the operation ofrailway-trains,

to which it is particularly adapted; but it r eraser will be evidentthat it is usefully applicable to the operation of similarly-arranged1notors, whether located upon other vehicles than railway-trains or uponfixed platforms, and I wish it understood that the claims are intendedto apply to and cover the system of motor control wherever the motor maybe located.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a unit-multiple system of electrical train control, thecombination of a plurality of car-propelling motors, a plurality ofmotorcontrollers, means upon each of said eontrollers for qualifying theflow of current to the motor or motors corresponding thereto, and meansfor electrically connecting any given point of each of said controllerswith the corresponding point of each of the other of said controllers,substantially as described.

2. In a unit-multiple system of electrical train control, thecombination of a plurality of car-propelling motors, aplurality of motorcontrollers, connections between corresponding points of the severalcontrollers, means operable at any one of said controllers forcontrolling the flow of current to all the motors, andreversing-switches each of which is operable to reverse the flow ofcurrent through one of the elements of each of said motors,substantially as described.

3. In a unit-multiple system of electrical train control, thecombination of a plurality of conductors, a plurality of motors havingone of the elements of each divided into sections and correspondingsections of all said elements connected in parallel between saidconductors, and means for simultaneously varying the number of sectionsthrough which current flows in all the motors, substantially asdescribed.

at. In a unit-multiple system of electrical train control, thecombination of a plurality of conductors, a plurality of car-propellingmotors having one of the elements of each divided into sections and thecorresponding sections in all said elements connected in parallelbetween said conductors, a plurality of motor-controllers, and meansoperable at any one of said controllers for varying the number of saidsections through which current flows, in all the motors, substantiallyas described.

5. In a unit-multiple system of electrical train control, thecombination of a plurality of conductors, a plurality of car-propellingmotors having one of the elements of each divided into sections and thecorresponding section of all said elements connected in parallel betweensaid conductors, and means for simultaneously reversing the direction ofcurrent through all of said elements, substantially as described.

6. 111 a unit-multiple system of electrical train control, thecombination of a plurality of conductors, a plurality of motors havingone element of each divided into sections and corresponding sections inall said elements connected in parallel between said conductors, meansfor simultaneously varying the number of said sections through whichcurrent flows in all said elements and means for simultaneouslyreversing the direction of current therein, substantially as descrlbed.

7. In a unit-multiple system of train control, the combination of aplurality of conductors, a plurality of car-propelling motors having oneelement of each divided into sections and the corresponding sections inall said elements connected in parallel between said conductors, and avariable resistance in series with said motors, substantially asdescribed.

8. In a unit-multiple system of electrical train control, thecombination of a plurality of conductors, a plurality of motors havingone of the elements of each divided into sections and correspondingsections in all said elements connected in parallel between saidconductors, means for simultaneously varying the number of said sectionsthrough which current flows in all said elements, and means for changingthe direction of current in a part of said elements so that it may beeither the same as or opposed to the direction of the flow of currentthrough the remainder of such element, substantially as dscribed.

9. In a unit-multiple system of electrical train control, thecombination of a plurality of conductors, groups of car-propellingmotors having their elements connected to said conductors,motor-controllers corresponding to said groups of motors, and meansoperable at any one of said motor controllers for changing the circuitrelations between the motors in each group, substantially as described.

10. In a unit-multiple system of electrical train control, thecombination of a plurality of conductors, groups of train-propellingmotors having the same elements of correspond ing motors of thedifferent groups connected in parallel between said conductors,motorcontrollers corresponding to said groups of motors, and meansoperable at any one of said motor-controllers for changing the circuitrelations between the motors in each of said groups, substantially asdescribed.

11. In a unit-multiple system of electrical train control, thecombination of a plurality of conductor groups of car-propelling motorshaving the same elements of corresponding motors in the different groupsconnected in parallel between said conductors, motorcontrollers eachcomprising a resistance corresponding to a group of motors and havingsections adapted to be connected in parallel with the correspondingsections of the other resistances and in series with the group of motorsto which it corresponds, and means operable at each of said controllersfor vary ing the resistance in circuit with each group of motors,substantially as described.

12. In a system of electrical train control,

IIO

the combination of a plurality of conductors, groups of car-propellingmotors having the same elements of corresponding motors in the differentgroups connected in parallel between said conductors, motor-controllerseach comprising a resistance corresponding to a group of motors andhaving sections adapted to be connected in parallel With thecorresponding sections of the other resistances and in series with themotors of the group to which it corresponds, and means operable at eachof said controllers for varying the resistance in circuit with eachgroup of motors and changing the circuit relations between the motorscomposing such group, substantially as described.

1b. In a unit-multiple system of electrical train control, thecombination of a plurality of conductors, groups of car-propellingmotors having the same elements of corresponding motors in the differentgroups connected in parallel between said conductors, motorcont-rollerseach comprising a resistance corresponding to a group of motors andhaving sections adapted to be connected in parallel with thecorresponding sections of the other resistances and in series with themotors of the group to which it corresponds, means operable at each ofsaid controllers for varying the resistance in circuit with each groupof motors and changing the circuit relations between the motorscomposing such group, and reversing-switches each of which is adapted tochange the direction of the flow of current through all of said motors,substantially as described.

1a. In a system of electrical train control, the combination of aplurality of motors, a plurality of controlling devices correspondingthereto, and a controller-switch for each of such controlling devices,the same being so connected and arranged that by the mechanicaloperation of any one of said switches all of said controlling deviceswill be made electrically effective to directly control the mo tors,substantially described.

15. In a system of electrical train control, the combination of aplurality of conductors, groups of car-propelling motors having the sameelements of corresponding motors of the different groups connected inparallel between said conductors, a resistance arranged to be-put incircuit with all said motors, means for varying the resistance incircuit with the motors and means for simultaneously changing thecircuit relations between the motors in each group, substantially as andfor the purposes set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

FREDERICK O. ESMOND.

Witnesses:

H. COUTANT, GEO. E. Gnusn.

